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In the context of construction materials, which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. If the characteristic strength is defined as that value below which not more than 50% results are expected to fall, the target mean strength in mix design will be taken same as the characteristic strength irrespective of the degree of quality control expected at the site.
2. Ten percent fines value is a non-dimensional quantity.
3. The stress-strain curve of concrete for 1-day duration of loading is associated with a smaller secant modulus of elasticity compared to the stress-strain curve of the same concrete for 10-minutes duration of loading.
4. The increase of carbon in steel usually leads to an increase in its 0.2% proof stress.

Correct answer: The increase of carbon in steel usually leads to an increase in its 0.2% proof stress.

Solution

Increasing the carbon content in steel enhances its hardness and strength, which directly contributes to a higher 0.2% proof stress, making it more resistant to deformation under load.

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