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Which pair of the following statements is correct for orthogonal cutting using a single-point cutting tool? P. Reduction in friction angle increases cutting force. Q. Reduction in friction angle decreases cutting force. R. Reduction in friction angle increases chip thickness. S. Reduction in friction angle decreases chip thickness.

1. P and R
2. P and S
3. Q and R
4. Q and S

Correct answer: Q and R

Solution

A reduction in friction angle reduces the frictional resistance at the tool-chip interface, which lowers cutting force. It also tends to increase the shear angle, reducing chip thickness. Hence Q and S are correct, not P and R.

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