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The policies of Lord Curzon as Viceroy of India (1899–1905) are often viewed as a mix of progressive reforms and measures aimed at consolidating British control. Which of the following best exemplifies a policy primarily intended to strengthen British administration and strategic interests?

1. The establishment of the Imperial Department of Agriculture to promote agricultural research and education.
2. The reorganization of the police and the establishment of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).
3. The introduction of reforms in the education system, including the Universities Act of 1904.
4. The preservation of ancient monuments and the establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India.

Correct answer: The reorganization of the police and the establishment of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).

Solution

Curzon’s police reorganization and the creation of the CID were aimed at strengthening administrative control and internal security under British rule. The other options relate more to reform, education, agriculture, or heritage preservation.

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