Convert the following sentence from passive voice to active voice: The witnesses must have been briefed about the protocol changes by the investigation officer.

The investigation officer might have briefed the witnesses about the protocol changes.
The investigation officer had briefed the witnesses about the protocol changes.
The investigation officer must have briefed the witnesses about the protocol changes.
The investigation officer must be briefing the witnesses about the protocol changes.

Correct answer: The investigation officer must have briefed the witnesses about the protocol changes.

Solution

In the passive sentence, "the witnesses" receive the action and "the investigation officer" performs it. Changing to active voice places the doer as the subject while preserving the modal-perfect structure: "must have briefed."

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