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In the Vijayanagara polity, the title ‘Hinduraya Suratrana’ signified:

1. Sultan of the Deccan
2. Protector of the Hindu realm
3. Commander of cavalry
4. Temple administrator

Correct answer: Protector of the Hindu realm

Solution

‘Hinduraya Suratrana’ was a title used in the Vijayanagara context to express the ruler’s role as a protector of the Hindu realm. It reflects the political and cultural self-image of the empire in the Deccan.

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