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A sentence is provided in indirect speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys the sentence in its corresponding direct speech: He suggested that, if stochastic volatility had been included, the valuation might have been more conservative.

1. He suggested, “If stochastic volatility had been included, the valuation might have been more conservative.”
2. He suggested, “If stochastic volatility is included, valuation will be conservative.”
3. He suggested, “If volatility included, valuation more conservative.”
4. He said, “Including volatility makes valuation conservative.”

Correct answer: He suggested, “If stochastic volatility had been included, the valuation might have been more conservative.”

Solution

The indirect speech uses a conditional structure in the past perfect: “had been included” and “might have been.” The direct speech must retain the same tense and meaning, which option A does exactly.

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