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Which ongoing issue does the passage highlight as a hurdle in India’s digital journey? Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage: Over the past ten years, India’s shift toward a digital-first society has been remarkably transformative. What started as an effort to widen internet reach has steadily grown into one of the world’s largest digital networks. Driven by flagship government programmes like Digital India, the nation has seen rapid expansion in internet usage, digital transactions, and e-governance. A defining milestone was the introduction of Aadhaar, a biometric identity platform that made access to multiple public services safer and more efficient. Alongside this, the growth of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) helped India bypass older banking limitations by enabling instant, affordable transfers across both cities and villages. Notably, the COVID-19 outbreak became an unforeseen accelerator. With restrictions and distancing norms in place, people increasingly depended on digital alternatives — telehealth, virtual learning, and work-from-home became necessities. This sudden reliance pushed institutions to strengthen infrastructure and adopt scalable tech. Yet, challenges remain. The digital gap between urban and rural India continues, with many villages still lacking stable connectivity while metros benefit from faster broadband. Additionally, issues like data privacy, cyber threats, and the spread of misinformation have become serious concerns. Even so, India’s digital rise highlights its flexibility and drive. With more than 850 million internet users and growing, the country now stands at a turning point where strong policy, inclusive connectivity, and responsible innovation will shape what comes next.

1. control of internet by a single provider
2. shortage of smartphone factories
3. rural-urban digital gap and privacy risks
4. too much foreign funding pressure

Correct answer: rural-urban digital gap and privacy risks

Solution

The passage clearly states that the digital gap between urban and rural India remains, with villages lacking stable connectivity. It also mentions data privacy, cyber threats, and misinformation as serious concerns, which together match the correct option.

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