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The condition under which a microwave oven heats up a food item containing water molecules most efficiently is

1. the frequency of the microwaves has no relation with natural frequency of water molecules.
2. microwaves are heat-waves, so always produce heating.
3. infra-red waves produce heating in a microwave oven.
4. the frequency of the microwaves must match the resonant frequency of the water molecules.

Correct answer: the frequency of the microwaves must match the resonant frequency of the water molecules.

Solution

Microwave ovens heat food efficiently when the frequency of the microwaves matches the resonant frequency of water molecules, causing them to absorb energy and vibrate, generating heat.

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