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If the magnetic dipole moment of an atom of diamagnetic material, paramagnetic material and ferromagnetic material are denoted by μₐ, μₚ and μₓ respectively, then:

1. μₐ = 0 and μₚ ≠ 0
2. μₐ ≠ 0 and μₚ = 0
3. μₓ = 0 and μₐ ≠ 0
4. μₐ ≠ 0 and μₓ ≠ 0

Correct answer: μₐ = 0 and μₚ ≠ 0

Solution

In diamagnetic materials, the magnetic dipole moment of atoms is zero (μₐ = 0) because they do not have permanent magnetic moments. In paramagnetic materials, the atoms have a non-zero magnetic dipole moment (μₚ ≠ 0).

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