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A hollow sphere is filled with water. It is hung by a long thread. As the water flows out of a hole at the bottom, the period of oscillation will

1. first increase and then decrease
2. first decrease and then increase
3. go on increasing
4. go on decreasing

Correct answer: first decrease and then increase

Solution

As water flows out, the center of mass of the system (sphere + water) initially moves downward, reducing the effective length of the pendulum and decreasing the time period. Later, as more water flows out, the center of mass moves back upward, increasing the effective length and the time period. Hence, the period first decreases and then increases.

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