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The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between the temperatures of 100°C and -23°C will be

1. (100 + 23) / 100
2. (100 - 23) / 100
3. (373 + 250) / 373
4. (373 - 250) / 373

Correct answer: (373 - 250) / 373

Solution

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by η = 1 - (T_cold / T_hot), where temperatures are in Kelvin. Converting 100°C and -23°C to Kelvin gives T_hot = 373 K and T_cold = 250 K. Substituting, η = 1 - (250 / 373) = (373 - 250) / 373.

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