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Among the following the irreversible process is

1. free expansion of gas
2. extension or compression of spring
3. motion of an object on a perfectly frictionless surface
4. all of them

Correct answer: free expansion of gas

Solution

Free expansion of a gas is irreversible because it occurs spontaneously into a vacuum and cannot be retraced exactly to restore both gas and surroundings to their original states. The other options can be idealized as reversible under suitable conditions.

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