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The minimum energy to ionize an atom is also the energy required to:

1. add one electron to the atom
2. excite the atom from its ground state to its first excited state
3. remove one outermost electron from the atom
4. remove one innermost electron from the atom

Correct answer: remove one outermost electron from the atom

Solution

The minimum ionization energy corresponds to removing the least tightly bound electron, which is usually the outermost one. Inner electrons are held more strongly, so they require more energy.

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