The intensity of gamma radiation from a given source is $I$. On passing through 36 mm of lead, it is reduced to $\frac{I}{8}$. The thickness of lead that will reduce the intensity to $\frac{I}{2}$ will be

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12 mm. A reduction from $I$ to $I/8$ means the intensity is halved three times, so 36 mm corresponds to 3 half-value layers. Therefore one half-value layer is 12 mm, which reduces the intensity from $I$ to $I/2$.

The intensity of gamma radiation from a given source is $I$. On passing through 36 mm of lead, it is reduced to $\frac{I}{8}$. The thickness of lead that will reduce the intensity to $\frac{I}{2}$ will be

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