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The oscillating electric and magnetic vectors of an electromagnetic wave are oriented along

1. The same direction but differ in phase by 90°
2. The same direction and are in phase
3. Mutually perpendicular directions and are in phase
4. Mutually perpendicular directions and differ in phase by 90°

Correct answer: Mutually perpendicular directions and are in phase

Solution

In an electromagnetic wave, the electric field and magnetic field are mutually perpendicular, and they oscillate in phase. This is a key property of transverse electromagnetic waves.

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