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In a physical balance working on the principle of moments, when \( 5 \mathrm{mg} \) weight is placed on the left plan, the beam becomes horizontal. Both the empty pans of the balance are of equal mass. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. Both the arms are of same length.
2. Every object that is weighed using this balance appears lighter than its actual weight
3. Left arm is longer than the right arm.
4. Left arm is shorter than the right arm.

Correct answer: Left arm is shorter than the right arm.

Solution

Since the pans are equal, the beam balances only when the moments about the pivot are equal. A 5 mg mass on the left achieving balance means the left side must have the shorter arm, so a smaller force can match the moment of the right side's longer arm.

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