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Based on Malus's law, I = I₀cos²θ, determine the values of intensities I₁, I₂, and I₃ for various angles.

1. I₁ equals I₀ divided by 2
2. I₂ equals I₀ divided by 4
3. I₃ equals I₀ divided by 8
4. I₃ equals I₀ divided by 16

Correct answer: I₃ equals I₀ divided by 8

Solution

Malus's law states that the transmitted intensity is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle between the light's polarization direction and the transmission axis of the polarizer. For I₃ = I₀/8, θ must satisfy cos²θ = 1/8, which is consistent with the law.

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