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Based on Snell's law, μ = sin i / sin r. (1) sin 2A = (μ) sin A ⇒ μ = 2 cos A. Which of the following statements about rainbow formation is accurate?

1. A rainbow is created due to a combination of total internal reflection and dispersion of light.
2. A rainbow forms when light undergoes refraction, dispersion, and total internal reflection inside water droplets in the atmosphere. To view the rainbow, one must face away from the Sun.
3. None of the above statements are correct.
4. All of the above statements are correct.

Correct answer: A rainbow forms when light undergoes refraction, dispersion, and total internal reflection inside water droplets in the atmosphere. To view the rainbow, one must face away from the Sun.

Solution

Option B is correct because a rainbow is formed due to the dispersion of light, refraction, and total internal reflection in water droplets. The observer must stand with their back to the Sun to see the rainbow.

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