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A rainbow is created when light undergoes refraction, dispersion, and total internal reflection inside water droplets in the atmosphere. To view a rainbow, what is the correct orientation of the observer relative to the sun?

1. A rainbow forms due to light being refracted and dispersed, followed by total internal reflection within atmospheric droplets. The observer must face away from the sun to see it.
2. None of the above statements are correct.
3. All of the above statements are correct.
4. A rainbow results from a combination of dispersion and total internal reflection of light.

Correct answer: A rainbow forms due to light being refracted and dispersed, followed by total internal reflection within atmospheric droplets. The observer must face away from the sun to see it.

Solution

Option A is correct because a rainbow is formed due to the dispersion of light and total internal reflection within water droplets, and it is observed when the observer's back is towards the sun.

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