Two Polaroids P₁ and P₂ are placed with their axis perpendicular to each other. Unpolarised light I₀ is incident on P₁. A third polaroid P₃ is kept in between P₁ and P₂ such that its axis makes an angle 45° with that of P₁. The intensity of transmitted light through P₃ is

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I₀ / 4. When unpolarized light passes through P₁, its intensity is reduced to half, i.e., I₀/2. The light then passes through P₃, which is at 45° to P₁. Using Malus's law, the transmitted intensity through P₃ is (I₀/2) × cos²(45°) = (I₀/2) × (1/2) = I₀/4.

Two Polaroids P₁ and P₂ are placed with their axis perpendicular to each other. Unpolarised light I₀ is incident on P₁. A third polaroid P₃ is kept in between P₁ and P₂ such that its axis makes an angle 45° with that of P₁. The intensity of transmitted light through P₃ is

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