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In the extraction of aluminium by electrolytic process, cryolite is added to

1. lower the melting point of alumina
2. increase the electrical conductivity
3. minimise the anode effect
4. remove impurities from alumina

Correct answer: lower the melting point of alumina

Solution

Cryolite is added in the Hall-Héroult process mainly to reduce the melting point of alumina, which allows electrolysis to occur at a much lower temperature. It also improves conductivity, but the key reason asked here is the melting-point reduction.

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