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When a radioactive substance undergoes the emission of an α or β particle, the resulting element may possess an unstable nucleus. This nucleus can further decay by releasing α or β particles, eventually forming a stable element. Which of the following statements is correct regarding radioactive decay and its applications?

1. The C-14 method is employed to determine the age of fossils, dead organisms, or fallen trees.
2. Thorium's primary ore is monazite.
3. The number of neutrons equals the mass number minus the atomic number. If the neutron count is 2, the mass number would be 3 and the atomic number 1.
4. The age of the Earth and rocks is determined using the U–Pb method, also referred to as helium dating.

Correct answer: The age of the Earth and rocks is determined using the U–Pb method, also referred to as helium dating.

Solution

Option D is correct because the U–Pb method, also known as helium dating, is indeed used to estimate the age of geological formations like rocks and the Earth.

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