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Which of the following pairs has the same size?

1. Fe2+, Ni2+
2. Zr4+, Ti4+
3. Zr4+, Hf4+
4. Zn2+, Hf4+

Correct answer: Zr4+, Hf4+

Solution

Zr4+ and Hf4+ have nearly the same size due to the lanthanoid contraction, which reduces the size of Hf4+ to match that of Zr4+ despite being in different periods.

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