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Four successive members of the first row transition elements are listed below with their atomic numbers. Which one of them is expected to have the highest third ionization enthalpy?

1. Vanadium (Z = 23)
2. Chromium (Z = 24)
3. Manganese (Z = 25)
4. Iron (Z = 26)

Correct answer: Vanadium (Z = 23)

Solution

Vanadium (Z = 23) has the highest third ionization enthalpy because removing the third electron disrupts its stable 3d3 configuration, requiring more energy. The other elements have less stable configurations after the third ionization.

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