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It is because of inability of ns2 electrons of the valence shell to participate in bonding that:

1. Sn2+ is oxidising while Pb4+ is reducing
2. Sn2+ and Pb2+ are both oxidising and reducing
3. Sn4+ is reducing while Pb4+ is oxidising
4. Sn2+ is reducing while Pb4+ is oxidising

Correct answer: Sn2+ is reducing while Pb4+ is oxidising

Solution

The inert pair effect makes the ns2 electrons in heavier p-block elements less available for bonding. Pb4+ is oxidising as it tends to revert to the more stable Pb2+ state, while Sn2+ is reducing as it can be oxidised to Sn4+.

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