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Which of the following groups of ions makes the water hard?

1. (a) Sodium and bicarbonate
2. (b) Magnesium and chloride
3. (c) Potassium and sulphate
4. (d) Ammonium and chloride

Correct answer: (b) Magnesium and chloride

Solution

Hardness of water is caused by the presence of divalent cations like magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺). Among the options, magnesium and chloride contribute to water hardness.

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