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The Montreal Protocol, signed on September 16, 1987, and implemented on January 1, 1989, focused on phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) to lower their atmospheric levels. Which of the following represents a primary application of these substances?

1. CFCs and HCFCs utilized in cooling systems like refrigerators and air conditioners
2. HCFCs and halons employed in fire suppression systems
3. CFCs and HCFCs used in the production of foam materials
4. CFCs and HCFCs functioning as propellants in aerosol sprays

Correct answer: CFCs and HCFCs utilized in cooling systems like refrigerators and air conditioners

Solution

The Montreal Protocol primarily targeted ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and HCFCs, which are widely used in refrigerators and air conditioners. These substances are major contributors to ozone layer depletion.

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