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The process of creating genetic variation by altering the sequence of DNA bases within genes, leading to new traits not present in the parent type, is known as mutation. This can be induced artificially using chemicals or radiation (e.g., gamma rays), and plants with desirable traits can be selected for breeding purposes. This approach, called mutation breeding, has been used to improve mung bean by making it resistant to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.

1. Mutation breeding has not been applied to improve mung bean production.
2. Mutation breeding has contributed to mung bean production by conferring resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.
3. Mutation breeding occurs naturally without human intervention.
4. Mutation breeding excludes the application of chemicals or radiation.

Correct answer: Mutation breeding has contributed to mung bean production by conferring resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.

Solution

The question explicitly states that mutation breeding has helped mung bean production by providing resistance against yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew, making option B correct.

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