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The principle of independent assortment states that alleles for separate traits, located on different homologous chromosome pairs, segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

1. Gregor Mendel is credited with establishing the fundamental laws of inheritance and is known as the pioneer of genetics.
2. Different expressions or variations of the same trait are determined by allelomorphs.
3. When IAIB is crossed with IAIB, the resulting genotypes include IAIA, IAIB, IBIB, and IAIO.
4. Crossing it with Tt results in 50% of the offspring being recessive and 50% being heterozygous dominant.

Correct answer: Gregor Mendel is credited with establishing the fundamental laws of inheritance and is known as the pioneer of genetics.

Solution

Gregor Mendel is the pioneer of genetics because his pea-plant experiments led to the fundamental laws of inheritance, including segregation and independent assortment. The other choices describe allele terminology or specific cross results, not the scientist associated with these laws.

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