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The Hardy-Weinberg principle uses the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1 to describe genotype frequencies in a population. If p stands for the dominant allele frequency and q for the recessive allele frequency, what does each term in the equation signify?

1. p² corresponds to the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for the dominant allele.
2. 2pq represents the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population.
3. q² indicates the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele.
4. The proportion of heterozygous individuals can be calculated as 2 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.48.

Correct answer: p² corresponds to the frequency of individuals who are homozygous for the dominant allele.

Solution

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p² represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, 2pq represents heterozygous individuals, and q² represents homozygous recessive individuals. Option A correctly identifies p² as homozygous dominant.

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