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Land-dwelling animals face challenges due to restricted water availability. As a result, they produce concentrated urine to retain water. Options (c) and (d) describe traits of oceanic animals that deal with avoiding salt intake and water loss, while option (a) pertains to freshwater species.

1. Trait of freshwater species.
2. Trait of land-dwelling species.
3. Trait of oceanic species to avoid salt intake.
4. Trait of oceanic species to avoid water loss.

Correct answer: Trait of land-dwelling species.

Solution

Terrestrial animals conserve water by producing hypertonic urine, which is a key adaptation to their limited water availability. This distinguishes them from freshwater and marine animals.

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