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The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient, with a higher proton concentration formed in the outer compartment or on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is achieved as protons are moved using the energy released by electron transfer between carriers. Similarly, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which create energy transformations using proton gradients in a manner comparable to mitochondria.

1. (a) Correct
2. (b) Incorrect
3. (c) Both (a) and (b)
4. (d) None of these

Correct answer: (a) Correct

Solution

The statement is true because both mitochondria and chloroplasts use proton gradients to drive ATP synthesis, with mitochondria generating it during cellular respiration and chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

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