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Which of the following accurately describes the prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen-fixing symbionts associated with Cycas?

1. Cyanobacteria, previously referred to as blue-green algae, form facultative mutualistic relationships with all known Cycas.
2. Cycads supply the cyanobacteria with fixed carbon and a suitable habitat in return for nitrogen compounds.
3. These cyanobacteria exist as endosymbionts, residing inside the roots of Cycas plants.
4. All of the above statements are true.

Correct answer: All of the above statements are true.

Solution

All the given statements are correct. Cyanobacteria, which are prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen-fixing organisms, form a symbiotic relationship with Cycas by residing in their coralloid roots and exchanging fixed nitrogen for carbon and a stable environment.

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