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Which statement correctly describes the role of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) during anaphase, and the consequence of its malfunction?

1. The sequence of events in mitosis includes: (i) DNA condenses, making chromosomes visible during early to mid-prophase; (ii) the nuclear envelope disassembles at late prophase or metaphase transition; (iii) chromosomes align at the equatorial plane in metaphase; (iv) centromeres divide in anaphase to form daughter chromosomes; (v) daughter chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles in anaphase; and (vi) telophase results in two new nuclei.
2. The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is essential for separating daughter chromosomes during anaphase. If APC is defective, chromosomes will not segregate properly in anaphase.
3. Kinetochores facilitate the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes and monitor spindle formation, preventing premature onset of anaphase during mitosis.
4. Synapsis, the pairing of homologous chromosomes, occurs during prophase I of meiosis in the zygotene stage. This process ensures alignment of homologous pairs and allows for potential genetic crossover.

Correct answer: The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is essential for separating daughter chromosomes during anaphase. If APC is defective, chromosomes will not segregate properly in anaphase.

Solution

The question specifically addresses the role of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) in chromosome segregation during anaphase. Option (b) directly explains this role and the consequences of a defective APC, making it the correct choice.

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