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Which one of the following statements is correct?

1. Both Azotobacter and Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of plants.
2. Cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Nostoc are important mobilizers of phosphates and for plant nutrition in paddy fields.
3. At present it is not possible to grow maize without chemical fertilizers.
4. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies.

Correct answer: Extensive use of chemical fertilizers may lead to eutrophication of nearby water bodies.

Solution

Excess chemical fertilizers can wash into nearby water bodies, adding nitrates and phosphates that trigger algal blooms. This nutrient enrichment is called eutrophication and can deplete oxygen in water.

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