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Study the four statements (a–d) given below and select the two correct ones out of them: (i) A lion eating a deer and a sparrow feeding on grain are ecologically similar in being consumers (ii) Predator star fish Pisaster helps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates (iii) Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of prey species (iv) Production of chemicals such as nicotine, strychnine by the plants are metabolic disorders

1. (ii) and (iii)
2. (b) (iii) and (iv)
3. (c) (i) and (iv)
4. (d) (i) and (ii)

Correct answer: (d) (i) and (ii)

Solution

Statement (i) is correct because both a lion and a sparrow obtain energy by consuming other organisms, so both are consumers. Statement (ii) is also correct: Pisaster is a keystone predator that helps maintain species diversity by preventing competitive exclusion among invertebrates.

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