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Parallelism is

1. adaptive divergence
2. adaptive divergence of widely different species
3. adaptive convergence of closely related species
4. adaptive convergence of widely different species

Correct answer: adaptive convergence of closely related species

Solution

Parallelism refers to closely related species independently evolving similar traits because they experience similar environmental pressures. That is adaptive convergence of closely related species, not divergence or convergence in distant lineages.

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