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Which one of the following sets includes only the vestigial structures in man?

1. Body hair, olecranon process, coccyx, patella
2. Wisdom teeth, mammary glands, coccyx, patella
3. Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles
4. Coccyx, body hair, ear ossicles, vermiform appendix

Correct answer: Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, ear muscles

Solution

Vestigial structures are reduced remnants of organs that were functional in ancestors but are now largely nonfunctional in humans. Coccyx, nictitating membrane, vermiform appendix, and ear muscles fit this idea; the other options include non-vestigial structures such as the patella or mammary glands.

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