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Mental retardation in man associated with sex chromosomal abnormality is usually due to

1. increase in X complement
2. moderate increase in Y complement
3. large increase in Y complement
4. reduction in X complement

Correct answer: increase in X complement

Solution

Mental retardation associated with sex-chromosomal abnormalities in males is classically seen when there is an extra X chromosome, as in Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). The additional X complement is associated with developmental and cognitive impairment more often than Y-chromosome gain.

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