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Which one of the following is the most likely root cause why menstruation is not taking place in regularly cycling human female?

1. maintenance of the hypertrophical endometrial lining
2. maintenance of high concentration of sex hormones in the blood stream
3. retention of well-developed corpus luteum
4. fertilisation of the ovum

Correct answer: fertilisation of the ovum

Solution

Fertilisation leads to implantation signals that preserve the corpus luteum, so progesterone and estrogen stay high and menstruation does not occur. Without fertilisation, hormone levels fall and the endometrium is shed.

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