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Insulin is a peptide hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin acts mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue), and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilization. Insulin also stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis) in the target cells.

1. Norepinephrine is released by sympathetic fibres i.e., rapidly secreted in response to stress of any kind and during emergency situations.
2. Leydig cells or interstitial cells, which are present in the intertubular spaces produce a group of hormones called androgens mainly testosterone.
3. Cortisol and testosterone are steroid hormones which are lipid soluble and easily pass through the cell membrane of a target cell and bind to specific intracellular receptor.
4. Posterior pituitary releases vasopressin which stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron.

Correct answer: Posterior pituitary releases vasopressin which stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron.

Solution

The correct choice identifies vasopressin (ADH), which is released from the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in the distal tubules/collecting ducts. The other options describe different hormones and functions, not the one linked to water retention.

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