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Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of:

1. (a) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate.
2. (b) the kidney, leading to suppression of reninangiotensin-aldosterone pathway.
3. (c) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
4. (d) the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels.

Correct answer: (c) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Solution

The fight-or-flight response activates the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla then releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, preparing the body for rapid action.

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