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Formation of concentrated (hyperosmotic) urine in vertebrates generally depends on

1. length of the proximal convoluted tubule
2. length of Henle’s loop
3. area of Bowman’s capsule epithelium
4. capillary network forming glomerulus

Correct answer: length of Henle’s loop

Solution

Concentrated urine depends on the countercurrent multiplier in Henle’s loop, which builds a steep osmotic gradient in the kidney medulla. A longer loop strengthens this gradient, allowing more water reabsorption from the collecting duct and thus more hyperosmotic urine.

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