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Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

1. Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3
3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
4. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes

Correct answer: Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Solution

The kidneys filter a large volume of fluid, but almost all of it is reclaimed along the renal tubules, leaving only a small fraction to become urine. The other options are incorrect because the descending limb is water-permeable, the distal tubule can participate in bicarbonate handling, and the ascending limb reabsorbs electrolytes.

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