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Human urine is usually acidic because:

1. excreted plasma proteins are acidic
2. potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity
3. hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate.
4. the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.

Correct answer: hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate.

Solution

Urine is usually acidic because renal tubule cells actively secrete hydrogen ions into the filtrate, which lowers urinary pH. This is a key mechanism for acid-base balance and acid excretion.

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