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Select one of the following pairs of important features distinguishing Gnetum from Cycas and Pinus and showing affinities with angiosperms:

1. absence of resin duct and leaf venation
2. presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia
3. perianth and two integuments
4. embryo development and apical meristem

Correct answer: presence of vessel elements and absence of archegonia

Solution

Gnetum is distinctive among gymnosperms because its xylem contains vessel elements, a feature typical of angiosperms. It also lacks archegonia, which further sets it apart from Cycas and Pinus and supports its angiosperm-like affinities.

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