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Escherichia coli, lives as a symbiont in human intestine.

1. The bacterial genome/nucleoid is made of single circular double stranded DNA without histone protein as it is a prokaryotic organisms. The genome contains some 100 chemical sites or loci. Each locus in E. coli contains about 40 genes.
2. In bacteria asexual reproduction through binary fission is the most common method of multiplication. Sexual reproduction which comprises of syngamy and meiosis is entirely absent. Hence, no gamete formation takes place. In sexually reproducing organism alternation of generation occurs.
3. Chemosynthetic bacteria do not require sunlight as a source of energy either directly or indirectly. The energy for the synthesis of food is obtained by the oxidation of certain inorganic substances present in the medium. The chemical energy obtained from oxidation reaction is trapped in ATP molecules. The ATP is used in CO2 assimilation.
4. Whittaker (1969) divided organisms into five kingdoms namely Monera, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. Kingdom Monera includes all prokaryotes - mycoplasma, bacteria, actinomycetes, blue-green algae, archaebacteria, methanogens. Escherichia is bacteria, Amoeba, Gelidium come under Protista, Spirogyra is algae.

Correct answer: The bacterial genome/nucleoid is made of single circular double stranded DNA without histone protein as it is a prokaryotic organisms. The genome contains some 100 chemical sites or loci. Each locus in E. coli contains about 40 genes.

Solution

E. coli is a prokaryote, so its genetic material is typically a single circular double-stranded DNA molecule in the nucleoid and lacks histone proteins. The statement also matches the idea that bacterial genomes have many loci/genes organized on one chromosome.

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