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Mad cow disease in cattle is caused by an organism which has:

1. Free DNA without protein coat
2. Inert crystalline structure
3. Abnormally folded protein
4. Free RNA without protein coat

Correct answer: Abnormally folded protein

Solution

Mad cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious agent composed of abnormally folded protein. It contains no nucleic acid, so the correct choice is the protein-based option.

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