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Adhesive pad of fungi penetrates the host with the help of:

1. (a) mechanical pressure and enzymes
2. (b) hooks and suckers
3. (c) softening by enzymes
4. (d) only by mechanical pressure

Correct answer: (a) mechanical pressure and enzymes

Solution

Fungal adhesive pads (appressoria) penetrate host surfaces by generating high mechanical pressure and secreting enzymes that weaken the host barrier. Together, these two actions allow entry more effectively than either one alone.

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