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Which of the following means of transmembrane transport involves the expenditure of energy by the cell and can move materials up a concentration gradient?

1. Osmosis
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. simple diffusion
4. Active transport

Correct answer: Active transport

Solution

Active transport uses energy, usually from ATP, to move substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient. Osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and simple diffusion are all passive and do not require cellular energy.

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